Using the Chartis system to selectively target a lung segment with a persistent air leak.

In conclusion, in a setting where more than half of all screened contacts were born overseas and the background incidence of TB is low, contacts of patients with TB have a significantly increased risk for TB compared to the general overseas-born population of Australia. Most contacts who develop active TB are diagnosed with TB at the time of the initial screening, thus efforts should be made to ensure at least one screening visit for every identified contact at risk. Few contacts received treatment for LTBI in this study setting, due to physicians’ reluctance to prescribe preventive treatment.